Tag: Profile

Migration and Displacement: Nigeria Nation Profile and Coverage Thrust

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IDPS SITUATION IN NIGERIA AND ITS POLICY IMPLICATIONS

Till just lately, inside displacement in Nigeria had been principally brought on by overlapping and never mutually unique occurrences of inter-communal; ethno-religious cum political; and compelled eviction. However the flooding skilled in 2012 has modified the IDPs profile within the nation and has created a brand new pattern in relation to the quantity of displacement and the necessity for a really strong and concerted humanitarian response technique.

On the peak of the flood, exactly in October, 2012, the entire variety of folks affected in 28 States of the Federation was estimated at 7.412 million (NCFRMI, Oct. 2012). Simply barely every week after, the estimated variety of individuals affected rose to about 7.705 Million together with 2,157 Million registered as Internally Displaced Individuals (OCHA, Nov., 2012). In the meantime, in the identical yr of 2012, the entire variety of battle induced displacement in 17 States of the Federation was estimated at 442,329. This astronomical improve within the quantity, causes, in addition to the geography of inside displacement in Nigeria, has raised the necessity to focus on preemptive measures to scale back the incidence to the barest minimal and manageable measurement.

On the a part of the Fee, there was concerted efforts made in collaboration with different humanitarian actors to answer a few of the safety wants raised and supply help to mitigate the hardship by the displaced. The Fee designed quick, medium and long run methods and the within the quick time period, aid materials had been supplied to recognized affected communities. Presently, the Fee has commenced the 2nd section of its intervention which is offering sturdy answer on medium and long run measures.

In the meantime, in anticipation of the above and acutely aware of its obligation in step with its 2009 expanded mandate on the availability of safety and help to the internally displaced individuals and the coordination of migration associated points in Nigeria, the Fee spearheaded actions within the drafting of the Nationwide Coverage on Internally Displaced Individuals.

POLICY THRUST

The coverage doc was largely derived from the UN Guiding Precept and the Kampala Conference on the Safety and Help of IDPs. Members of the Technical Working Group (TWG) for the drafting of the coverage had been drawn from varied State and Non-state actors; the IDPs; Worldwide Technical Consultants; UN Companies; in addition to contributions from the European Union Delegation to Nigeria, Motion-Assist, Nigeria, the IDMC-Norwegian Refugee Fee, the Federal Division of Overseas Affairs of the Swiss Authorities and so forth.

The coverage doc was validated by stakeholders in June, 2012 and the ultimate draft copy has since been forwarded by the Fee to the Workplace of the Secretary to the Authorities of the Federation for onward transmission to the Federal Government Council for its approval. In the mean time, the draft coverage on IDPs remains to be ready the approval of the FEC and till that is achieved there would nonetheless stay the problem of getting a nationwide response technique that gives for correct coordination mechanizing and coherences in information and data administration. It’s believed that precedence consideration should be given to the IDPs Coverage doc for its approval to offer the authorized body work and the institutional mandate for correct coordination.

MIGRATION MANAGEMENT AND ITS POLICY IMPLICATION

Following the directive of the Federal Government Council (FEC) for the evaluate of the draft migration coverage, the NCFR (in step with its 2009 expanded mandate) has spearheaded actions by participating all of the related stakeholders to elaborate a coverage that captures present realities and migration dynamics each nationally and internationally. In 2010, the draft Coverage was introduced to the Federal Government Council however as a result of lapse in time (between 2007 when it was first ready and in 2010 when it was introduced at FEC assembly) the FEC returned the draft and directed that it must be reviewed to mirror the present traits and rising points in migration.

The NCFRMI has spearheaded a number of actions and technical periods in participating all related stakeholders to make sure very strong consultations in addition to deepened participatory course of that ensures the possession of the coverage by all involved. The Fee is at present managing the method of reviewing the draft migration Coverage to accommodate new and rising traits in addition to incorporate worldwide greatest practices in responding to the necessity to reap the benefits of the advantages of migration for nationwide growth past the 2015 MDGs.

Given the large sources and technical experience required to develop a responsive coverage doc and an efficient motion plan that will function a catalyst for mainstreaming migration into nationwide growth submit 2015 MDGs, the Fee has been supplied with some supporting buildings by the EU underneath the tenth EDF platform (carried out by the IOM) and ACP Migration. Each the tenth EDF and the Intra-ACP Migration facility have supplied some measures of funding and technical help within the on-going evaluate course of. In the mean time, the IOM is within the technique of contracting a guide that will do a desk evaluate of the draft coverage doc. The desk evaluate is predicted to be accomplished within the subsequent 4 weeks and returned to the TWG to start the validation course of.

Presently additionally, the Fee is within the technique of finalizing an advocacy technique that will set off media debates round migration and growth associated points in addition to sensitize the coverage makers of the necessity for a responsive and artistic coverage doc that may hyperlink migration to nationwide growth in addition to remodel migration governance by way of an efficient and sustainable coordination system past the 2015 MDGs.

Prospects and Challenges

One of many best challenges the Fee should overcome to convey its aspirations to actuality is to have a really sturdy media advocacy technique to stimulate debates and likewise affect coverage makers in contemplating the migration and IDPs insurance policies as precedence paperwork that have to be given life in wanting past the 2015 MDGs. Effort should be made to impress the political help wanted to make sure that each the draft IDPs and the Nationwide Migration insurance policies are given immediate approval. Based mostly on the above, the Fee is searching for revolutionary methods to lift the useful resource wanted to attain these goals.

REFERENCES

Deng F. “Coping with the Displaced: A Problem to the Worldwide Neighborhood”, World Governance, vol 1, no 1, 1995

Hampton, J. (ed) Internally Displaced Individuals: A World Survey, Norwegian Refugee Council and Earthscan Publications, London, 1998

NCFRMI, Quarterly Report ” The profile of Inner Displacement induced by the 2012 Flooding in Nigeria”

OCHA – Nigeria, Month-to-month Publication “An evaluation of the 2012 Flooding in Nigeria”

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Sex Offender Profile

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The existence of sexual feelings toward family members, friends or acquaintances does not signify a problem. However, the act of focusing on and then reinforcing these feelings create a compulsion to carry out sexual contact with another, including children and negates one’s sense of discipline and self-control. Thus, forming an arousal pattern. To act on this arousal pattern and the impulse the person has created, the person insidiously justifies his/her behavior to him/herself.

According to Finkelhor (Finkelhor, 1984; Araji and Finkelhor, 1985) there are four components that contribute, in differing degrees and forms, to the development of a child molester’s behavior. To explain the diversity of behavior of sexual abusers, there are four factors in a complementary process. These four factors are sexual arousal, emotional congruence, blockage, and disinhibition:

Sexual arousal: In order for an adult to be aroused by a child, there has frequently been cultural or familial conditioning to sexual activity with children: such as corporal punishment and/or sexual child abuse. The most recent study reveals approximately 50% of all sex offenders were victims of sexual assault (Smith & Israel, 1987; Johnson, 1988; Longo, 1982; Seabrook, 1990). 70% of child sex offenders have between 1 and 9 victims; at least 20% have 10 to 40 victims. Serial child sex offenders may have as many as 400 victims in a lifetime. Elliott, M., Browne, K., & Kilcoyne, J. (1995). Child sexual abuse prevention: What offenders tell us. Child Abuse & Neglect, 5, 579-594.

In my work with sex offenders in recovery the statistics reveal 85% of sex offenders were sexually abused as children. Furthermore, corporal punishment triggers sexual stimulation, thus inducing sexual arousal. As adults these corporal punishment and/or sexual abuse survivors use sexual contact to ward off the internal emotional pain caused by the sexual and/or physical punishment. It is a case of doing to others what was done to them. The acorn does not fall far from the tree. This explanation merely explains the behavior not condone it.

Accurate sexual child abuse statistics are difficult to obtain. Different definitions of sexual abuse and incest will result in different statistics. Self-reporting is only accurate if the victim accepts the same definition as defined by the researcher. Even more frustrating is the fact that many survivors do not remember their abuse.

Furthermore the controversy regarding the phenomenon of whether a person can ‘forget’ something as significant as sexual activity has long been debated. The Betrayal trauma theory has most accurately identified the child’s experience. “[The] Betrayal trauma theory suggests that psychogenic amnesia is an adaptive response to childhood abuse. When a parent or other powerful figure violates a fundamental ethic of human relationships, victims may need to remain unaware of the trauma not to reduce suffering but rather to promote survival. Amnesia enables the child to maintain an attachment with a figure vital to survival, development and thriving.” (E. Sue Blume, Secret Survivors)

Emotional congruence: There is comfort in relating to a child and satisfaction of emotional need through the abuse. This is apt to be due to arrested development through limited intelligence, immaturity or low self-esteem.

Blockage: Age appropriate sexual opportunities may be blocked by bad experiences with age appropriate adults, sexual dysfunction, limited social skills, or marital disturbance.

Disinhibition: The abuser may lose control through impulse control deficits, psychosis, alcohol, drugs, stress, or nonexistent family rules-coupled with sexual arousal conditioning.

Finkelhor suggests that examination of these factors can help explain why sexual abusers are predominately male. Rowan, Rowan, and Langelier (1981) studied 600 sex offender evaluations in New Hampshire and Vermont and found that in only nine cases (1.5 percent) was the perpetrator a woman. These nine incidents are reviewed in terms of Finkelhor’s (1984) four-factor model. In five of the incidents studied, the abuse occurred in conjunction with a dominant male partner; in four, the woman acted independently. The histories of several of the women revealed a history of childhood abuse and all had serious psychological problems or limited intelligence. The victims of the four women who acted independently were male. Of the five women who acted in conjunction with a male, three victimized females, one victimized a male, and one victimized both a son and a daughter.

The authors concluded that none of these incidents were true paraphilics according to the DSM-llI-R but that the female sex offenders did fit the model proposed by Finkelhor. Understanding what motivates a person to abuse children sexually does NOT excuse him or her, or remove responsibility for the choices he or she has made.

Albeit the perpetrator (sex offender) was abused as a child, he/she is still responsible for his/her adult behavior and for the denial system that allows him/her to continue the abuse. The adult is responsible for protecting the welfare of children; therefore, the adult is responsible for protecting children even from him/herself if necessary.

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Tag: Profile

Migration and Displacement: Nigeria Nation Profile and Coverage Thrust

Sex Offender Profile

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